Guhindura imiyoboro ni urufatiro rwurusobe rwitumanaho rugezweho, rwemeza ko amakuru atembera neza hagati yibikoresho munganda n’ibidukikije. Umusaruro wibi bice byingenzi bikubiyemo inzira igoye kandi yitonze ihuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ubwubatsi bwuzuye no kugenzura ubuziranenge bukomeye kugirango itange ibikoresho byizewe, bikora neza. Dore inyuma-yinyuma reba inzira yo gukora umuyoboro uhindura.
1. Gutegura no kwiteza imbere
Urugendo rwo gukora rwa rezo ya rezo itangirana nigishushanyo nicyiciro cyiterambere. Ba injeniyeri n'abashushanya bakorana kugirango bakore ibisobanuro birambuye n'ibishushanyo mbonera bishingiye ku bikenewe ku isoko, iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga n'ibisabwa abakiriya. Iki cyiciro kirimo:
Igishushanyo cyizunguruka: Ba injeniyeri bashushanya imirongo, harimo ikibaho cyacapwe cyumuzingo (PCB) gikora nkumugongo wa switch.
Guhitamo ibice: Hitamo ibice byujuje ubuziranenge, nkibitunganya, chip yo kwibuka, hamwe nibikoresho bitanga ingufu, byujuje imikorere nigihe kirekire gisabwa kugirango uhindure imiyoboro.
Prototyping: Prototypes yateguwe kugirango igerageze imikorere, imikorere, nubwizerwe bwigishushanyo. Porotype yakorewe ibizamini bikomeye kugirango hamenyekane inenge cyangwa ibishushanyo mbonera.
2. Umusaruro wa PCB
Igishushanyo kimaze kurangira, inzira yo gukora yimuka murwego rwo guhimba PCB. PCBs nibyingenzi byingenzi bikoresha imiyoboro ya elegitoronike kandi bitanga imiterere ifatika yo guhinduranya imiyoboro. Ibikorwa byo kubyaza umusaruro birimo:
Kuringaniza: Gukoresha ibice byinshi byumuringa utwara insimburangingo idakora inzira ikora amashanyarazi ahuza ibice bitandukanye.
Gutera: Gukuraho umuringa bitari ngombwa ku kibaho, ugasiga uburyo bwuzuye bwumuzingi busabwa kugirango imikorere ikorwe.
Gucukura no Gufata: Gucukura umwobo muri PCB kugirango byoroherezwe gushyira ibice. Ibyo byobo noneho bishyizwe hamwe nibikoresho byayobora kugirango amashanyarazi ahuze neza.
Porogaramu ya Solder: Koresha mask yo kugurisha kurinda PCB kugirango wirinde imiyoboro migufi kandi urinde umuziki kwangiza ibidukikije.
Icapiro rya Silk Mugaragaza: Ibirango nibiranga byacapwe kuri PCB kugirango bayobore inteko no gukemura ibibazo.
3. Guteranya ibice
PCB imaze kwitegura, intambwe ikurikira ni uguteranya ibice kurubaho. Iki cyiciro kirimo:
Surface Mount Technology (SMT): Gukoresha imashini zikoresha kugirango ushire ibice hejuru ya PCB hamwe nibisobanuro bikabije. SMT nuburyo bwatoranijwe bwo guhuza ibice bito, bigoye nka résistoriste, capacator, hamwe na sisitemu ihuriweho.
Binyuze mu buhanga bwa tekinoroji (THT): Kubice binini bisaba inkunga yinyongera yubukanishi, ibice byu mwobo byinjizwa mubyobo byacukuwe mbere bikagurishwa kuri PCB.
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa: PCB yateranijwe inyura mu ziko ryerekana aho paste igurisha ishonga kandi igakomera, bigatuma habaho guhuza umutekano mumashanyarazi hagati yibigize na PCB.
4. Gutegura porogaramu
Iteraniro ryumubiri rimaze kurangira, porogaramu yimikorere ya neti ya porogaramu. Firmware ni software igenzura imikorere nimikorere yibikoresho. Iyi ntambwe ikubiyemo:
Kwishyiriraho porogaramu: Firmware yashyizwe mububiko bwa switch, ibemerera gukora imirimo yibanze nko guhinduranya paki, kuyobora, no gucunga imiyoboro.
Kwipimisha no Guhindura: Guhindura birageragezwa kugirango porogaramu yinjizwe neza kandi imirimo yose ikora nkuko biteganijwe. Iyi ntambwe irashobora kubamo kugerageza guhangayikishwa no kugenzura imikorere ihindagurika munsi yimitwaro itandukanye.
5. Kugenzura ubuziranenge no kwipimisha
Kugenzura ubuziranenge nigice cyingenzi mubikorwa byo gukora, kwemeza ko buri murongo uhuza wujuje ubuziranenge bwimikorere, kwiringirwa numutekano. Iki cyiciro kirimo:
Ikizamini Cyimikorere: Buri cyerekezo cyageragejwe kugirango gikore neza kandi ko ibyambu byose nibiranga bikora nkuko byari byitezwe.
Kwipimisha ibidukikije: Guhinduranya bipimwa kubushyuhe, ubushuhe, hamwe no kunyeganyega kugirango barebe ko bishobora guhangana nibikorwa bitandukanye.
Ikizamini cya EMI / EMC: Kwivanga kwa Electromagnetic (EMI) hamwe na electromagnetic ihuza (EMC) ikorwa kugirango harebwe niba switch idasohora imirase yangiza kandi ishobora gukorana nibindi bikoresho bya elegitoronike nta nkomyi.
Kwipimisha gutwika: Hindura ikoreshwa kandi ikora mugihe kinini kugirango umenye inenge cyangwa ibitagenda neza bishobora kubaho mugihe.
6. Iteraniro rya nyuma no gupakira
Nyuma yo gutsinda ibizamini byose byo kugenzura ubuziranenge, umuyoboro uhuza winjira mu nteko ya nyuma no gupakira. Ibi birimo:
Inteko ishinga amategeko: PCB nibigize byashyizwe mumurongo urambye wagenewe kurinda icyerekezo cyangirika kumubiri nibidukikije.
Ikirango: Buri cyerekezo cyanditseho ibicuruzwa, inomero yuruhererekane, hamwe no kubahiriza amabwiriza.
Gupakira: Sisitemu irapakirwa neza kugirango itange uburinzi mugihe cyo kohereza no kubika. Ipaki irashobora kandi gushiramo imfashanyigisho yumukoresha, amashanyarazi, nibindi bikoresho.
7. Kohereza no Gukwirakwiza
Iyo bimaze gupakirwa, umuyoboro uhinduka witeguye kohereza no kugabura. Boherezwa mububiko, kubitanga cyangwa kubakiriya ku isi. Itsinda ryibikoresho ryemeza ko abahindura batangwa neza, mugihe, kandi biteguye koherezwa muburyo butandukanye bwibidukikije.
mu gusoza
Umusaruro wo guhinduranya imiyoboro ni inzira igoye ihuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ubukorikori buhanga hamwe nubwishingizi bukomeye. Intambwe yose kuva mubishushanyo mbonera no gukora PCB kugeza guterana, kugerageza no gupakira nibyingenzi mugutanga ibicuruzwa byujuje ibyifuzo byinshi byibikorwa remezo byurusobe. Nka nkingi y'urusobe rw'itumanaho rigezweho, aba bahindura bafite uruhare runini mugukomeza amakuru yizewe kandi meza mu nganda no mubikorwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-23-2024
