Ubushakashatsi Kubibazo Byiza Byurugo Umuyoboro mugari

Dushingiye ku myaka y'ubushakashatsi n'uburambe mu iterambere mu bikoresho bya interineti, twaganiriye ku ikoranabuhanga n'ibisubizo ku muyoboro mugari wo mu rugo wizewe neza. Ubwa mbere, isesengura uko ibintu bimeze ubu murugo rwagutse rwumurongo wurugo, kandi ruvuga muri make ibintu bitandukanye nka fibre optique, amarembo, inzira, Wi-Fi, hamwe nibikorwa byabakoresha bitera urugo rwagutse murugo ibibazo byubuziranenge bwurugo. Icya kabiri, hazashyirwaho uburyo bushya bwo gukwirakwiza imiyoboro yo mu ngo irangwa na Wi-Fi 6 na FTTR (Fibre Kuri Byumba).

1. Isesengura ryumurongo mugari murugo ibibazo byubuziranenge bwurugo

Mubikorwa bya FTTH (fibre-to-home), bitewe ningaruka zogukwirakwiza optique, gutandukana kwa optique no gutakaza ibikoresho byo guhuza, hamwe no kugorora fibre optique, imbaraga za optique zakiriwe n irembo zishobora kuba nke kandi igipimo cyibeshya gishobora kuba hejuru, bivamo kwiyongera k'igipimo cyo gutakaza paki yohereza serivise yo hejuru. , igipimo cyaragabanutse.

Nyamara, ibyuma bikora mumarembo ashaje muri rusange ni bike, kandi ibibazo nka CPU yo hejuru hamwe no gukoresha kwibuka hamwe nubushyuhe bwibikoresho bikunze kugaragara, bikaviramo gutangira bidasanzwe no guhanuka kumarembo. Amarembo ashaje muri rusange ntabwo ashyigikira umuvuduko wa gigabit, kandi amarembo amwe ashaje nayo afite ibibazo nka chip zishaje, biganisha ku cyuho kinini hagati yumuvuduko nyawo w’umuyoboro uhuza hamwe n’agaciro ka theoretical, ibyo bikarushaho kugabanya amahirwe yo kuzamura umukoresha kumurongo. Kugeza ubu, amarembo ashaje yubwenge yakoreshejwe mumyaka 3 cyangwa irenga kumurongo wa Live aracyafite igipimo runaka kandi agomba gusimburwa.

Umuyoboro wa 2.4GHz ni umurongo wa ISM (Inganda-Ubumenyi-Ubuvuzi). Ikoreshwa nkumurongo usanzwe wa radiyo nkumuyoboro waho utagira umugozi, sisitemu yo kwinjira itagendanwa, sisitemu ya Bluetooth, point-to-point cyangwa point-to-multipoint ikwirakwiza itumanaho rya sisitemu, hamwe nubushobozi buke bwumurongo nubunini buke. Kugeza ubu, haracyari umubare munini wamarembo ashyigikira umurongo wa 2.4GHz ya Wi-Fi yumurongo uriho, kandi ikibazo cyo guhuza imirongo / guhuza imirongo iragaragara cyane.

Bitewe namakosa ya software hamwe nubushobozi budahagije bwibikoresho byamarembo amwe, imiyoboro ya PPPoE irekurwa kenshi kandi amarembo agatangira kenshi, bikaviramo guhagarika interineti kubakoresha. Nyuma yo guhuza PPPoE guhagarikwa byanze bikunze (kurugero, guhuza imiyoboro ya uplink irahagarikwa), buri ruganda rukora amarembo rufite amahame adahwitse yo gushyira mubikorwa icyambu cya WAN no kongera gukora PPPoE. Amarembo yabakora amwe amenya rimwe mumasegonda 20, hanyuma akayasubiramo nyuma ya 30 yananiwe gutahura. Nkigisubizo, bisaba iminota 10 kugirango irembo rihite ritangira gusubiramo PPPoE nyuma yo guhita ujya kumurongo, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuburambe bwabakoresha.

Irembo ryinshi ryabakoresha murugo ryashyizweho hamwe na router (nyuma yiswe "inzira"). Muri aba router, abatari bake bashyigikira gusa ibyambu 100M WAN, cyangwa (na) bashyigikira gusa Wi-Fi 4 (802.11b / g / n).

Routers bamwe mubakora baracyafite kimwe gusa mubyambu bya WAN cyangwa protocole ya Wi-Fi ishyigikira umuvuduko wa Gigabit, hanyuma igahinduka "pseudo-Gigabit". Mubyongeyeho, router ihujwe kumarembo binyuze mumurongo wurusobe, kandi umugozi wurusobe ukoreshwa nabakoresha ni icyiciro cya 5 cyangwa super icyiciro cya 5 umugozi, ufite ubuzima bucye nubushobozi buke bwo kurwanya kwivanga, kandi ibyinshi muribyo gusa shyigikira umuvuduko 100M. Nta na hamwe muri za router hamwe ninsinga zavuzwe haruguru bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byihindagurika rya gigabit hamwe na super-gigabit. Routers zimwe zitangira kenshi kubera ibibazo byubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuburambe bwabakoresha.

Wi-Fi nuburyo bukuru bwo gukwirakwiza mu nzu, ariko amarembo menshi yo murugo ashyirwa mubisanduku bidakomeye kumuryango wumukoresha. Kugarukira kumwanya wibisanduku bidakomeye, ibikoresho byigifuniko, nubwoko bwinzu igoye, ikimenyetso cya Wi-Fi ntabwo gihagije kugirango gikingire ahantu hose murugo. Uko igikoresho cya terefone kiva kure ya Wi-Fi igana, inzitizi ninshi zirahari, kandi niko gutakaza imbaraga zerekana ibimenyetso, bishobora gutuma uhuza udahungabana no gutakaza amakuru.

Kubireba imiyoboro yo murugo igizwe nibikoresho byinshi bya Wi-Fi, ibibazo byumuvuduko umwe hamwe nibibazo byivanga-umuyoboro bikunze kugaragara bitewe numuyoboro udafite ishingiro, bikagabanya igipimo cya Wi-Fi.

Mugihe bamwe mubakoresha bahuza router kumarembo, kubera kubura uburambe bwumwuga, barashobora guhuza router numuyoboro utari gigabit wicyambu, cyangwa ntibashobora guhuza umugozi wurusobe cyane, bikavamo ibyambu byurusobe. Muri ibi bihe, niyo umukoresha yiyandikisha muri serivise ya gigabit cyangwa agakoresha inzira ya gigabit, ntashobora kubona serivise zihamye za gigabit, nazo zizana ibibazo kubakoresha kugirango bakemure amakosa.

Abakoresha bamwe bafite ibikoresho byinshi bihujwe na Wi-Fi mumazu yabo (barenga 20) cyangwa porogaramu nyinshi zikuramo dosiye kumuvuduko mwinshi icyarimwe, ibyo bikaba bizanatera amakimbirane akomeye ya Wi-Fi hamwe nu murongo wa Wi-Fi udahungabana.

Abakoresha bamwe bakoresha itumanaho rya kera rishyigikira gusa umurongo umwe wa Wi-Fi 2.4GHz cyangwa umurongo wa kera wa Wi-Fi, bityo ntibashobora kubona uburambe bwa interineti buhamye kandi bwihuse.

2.Ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo kuzamura urusobe rwimbere

Umuyoboro mwinshi, serivisi zitinda cyane nka 4K / 8K videwo isobanura cyane, AR / VR, uburezi kumurongo, hamwe nu biro byo murugo bigenda bihinduka ibikenewe cyane kubakoresha murugo. Ibi birashyira imbere ibisabwa hejuru kurwego rwumurongo mugari wurugo, cyane cyane ubuziranenge bwurugo rugari. Umuyoboro mugari wurugo uriho ushingiye kuri FTTH (Fibre To the House, fibre to home) tekinoroji yaragoye kuzuza ibisabwa haruguru. Nyamara, tekinoroji ya Wi-Fi 6 na FTTR irashobora kuzuza neza ibisabwa hejuru ya serivisi kandi igomba koherezwa murwego runini vuba bishoboka.

Wi-Fi 6

Muri 2019, Wi-Fi Alliance yise 802.11ax ikoranabuhanga rya Wi-Fi 6, inita 802.11ax na 802.11n ikoranabuhanga Wi-Fi 5 na Wi-Fi 4.

Wi-Fi 6 itangiza OFDMA (Igice cya Orthogonal Frequency Division Igice Cyinshi Kugera, Orthogonal Frequency Division Igice Cyinshi), MU-MIMO Modulation, quadrature amplitude modulation) hamwe nubundi buryo bushya bwikoranabuhanga, igipimo ntarengwa cyo gukuramo gishobora kugera kuri 9.6Gbit / s. Ugereranije n’ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane rya Wi-Fi 4 na Wi-Fi 5 mu nganda, rifite umuvuduko mwinshi wo kohereza, ubushobozi bwinshi bwo guhuriza hamwe, gutinda kwa serivisi nkeya, gukwirakwiza kwinshi nimbaraga ntoya ya terefone. gukoresha.

Ikoranabuhanga rya FTTR

FTTR bivuga kohereza amarembo-optique yose hamwe nibikoresho bito mumazu hashingiwe kuri FTTH, hamwe no kumenyekanisha itumanaho rya fibre optique mubyumba byabakoresha hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga rya PON.

Irembo rikuru rya FTTR ni ishingiro ryumuyoboro wa FTTR. Ihujwe hejuru kuri OLT kugirango itange fibre-murugo, no hepfo kugirango itange ibyambu bya optique kugirango ihuze amarembo menshi ya FTTR. Irembo ryabacakara rya FTTR rivugana nibikoresho bya terefone binyuze muri interineti ya Wi-Fi na Ethernet, ritanga umurimo wo kurambura kugirango wohereze amakuru y'ibikoresho bya terefone ku irembo rikuru, kandi ryemera gucunga no kugenzura irembo rikuru rya FTTR. Imiyoboro ya FTTR irerekanwa mumashusho.

Ugereranije nuburyo gakondo nkumuyoboro wa kabili, imiyoboro yumurongo wamashanyarazi, hamwe numuyoboro udafite insinga, imiyoboro ya FTTR ifite ibyiza bikurikira.

Ubwa mbere, ibikoresho byo murusobekerane bifite imikorere myiza numuyoboro mwinshi. Ihuza rya fibre optique hagati yumuryango winjira ninzugi zumugaragu zirashobora kwagura umurongo wa gigabit kuri buri cyumba cyumukoresha, kandi ukazamura ireme ryurugo rwumukoresha muburyo bwose. Umuyoboro wa FTTR ufite ibyiza byinshi muburyo bwo kohereza no kwihagararaho.

Iya kabiri ni nziza ya Wi-Fi kandi nziza. Wi-Fi 6 nuburyo busanzwe bwamarembo ya FTTR, kandi amarembo akomeye hamwe n irembo ryabacakara birashobora gutanga imiyoboro ya Wi-Fi, bigatezimbere neza itumanaho rya Wi-Fi hamwe nimbaraga zo gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso.

Ubwiza bwurugo rwimikorere intranet bigira ingaruka kubintu nkurugo rwimiterere, ibikoresho byabakoresha, hamwe nabakoresha. Kubwibyo, gushakisha no kumenya ubuziranenge bwurugo murugo nikibazo kitoroshye kumurongo nzima. Buri sosiyete y'itumanaho cyangwa serivise itanga imiyoboro itanga igisubizo cyayo kimwe. Kurugero, ibisubizo bya tekiniki yo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bwurugo rwimikorere intranet no kumenya ubuziranenge; komeza ushake ikoreshwa ryamakuru makuru nubuhanga bwubwenge bwa artile murwego rwo kuzamura ireme ryimiyoboro yagutse yo murugo; guteza imbere ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya FTTR na Wi-Fi 6 Umuyoboro mugari wibanze nibindi byinshi.