Mwisi yisi, imiyoboro hamwe na router bigira uruhare runini muguhuza imiyoboro idahwitse no gucunga neza amakuru. Ariko, imikorere yabo nibisabwa akenshi ntibisobanuka neza. Iyi ngingo igamije gusobanura itandukaniro riri hagati yabahindura imiyoboro hamwe na router no gufasha abakoresha urugo nubucuruzi gufata ibyemezo byuzuye kubikorwa remezo byabo.
Sobanura imiyoboro ya enterineti na router
Umuyoboro uhuza:
Umuyoboro uhuza ni igikoresho gihuza ibikoresho byinshi murwego rwibanze (LAN).
Yorohereza gusaranganya umutungo yemerera ibikoresho kuvugana.
Guhindura bikorera kumurongo wamakuru (Layeri 2) yuburyo bwa OSI, ukoresheje aderesi ya MAC kugirango wohereze amakuru aho yerekeza.
Router:
Inzira zihuza imiyoboro myinshi hamwe nudupaki twerekanwe hagati yabo.
Ifasha itumanaho hagati yimiyoboro itandukanye, nko guhuza urugo cyangwa ibiro byurubuga kuri interineti.
Inzira zikorera kumurongo (Layeri 3) ya moderi ya OSI kandi ikoresha aderesi ya IP kugirango amakuru yerekanwe aho yerekeza.
Itandukaniro ryingenzi Hagati yo Guhindura na Router
1. Imikorere n'uruhare
Hindura: Ahanini bikoreshwa muguhuza ibikoresho murusobe rumwe. Bemeza kohereza amakuru neza no gutumanaho hagati yibikoresho bihujwe nka mudasobwa, printer na seriveri.
Inzira: ikoreshwa muguhuza imiyoboro itandukanye. Bacunga amakuru yimikorere hagati yimiyoboro kandi bayobora amakuru kuva kumurongo umwe ujya murindi, nkumuyoboro murugo kuri enterineti.
2. Kohereza amakuru
Hindura: Koresha aderesi ya MAC kugirango umenye aho udupaki tujya murusobe rwaho. Ibi bituma ibikoresho bivugana muburyo butaziguye bidakenewe umurongo wa neti.
Inzira: Koresha IP adresse kugirango umenye inzira nziza yamakuru yo gutembera hagati yimiyoboro. Bayobora amakuru ashingiye kuri aderesi y'urusobe, bakemeza ko amakuru agera aho akwiriye, haba murusobe rwaho cyangwa kuri interineti.
3. Igice cy'urusobe
Hindura: VLAN nyinshi (Virtual Local Area Networks) irashobora gushirwaho kugirango igabanye imiyoboro y'urusobe murusobe rumwe. Ibi bifasha kuzamura umutekano no gucunga neza.
Inzira: Irashobora guhuza VLAN zitandukanye ninzira nyabagendwa hagati yabo. Ni ngombwa mu itumanaho hagati ya VLAN no guhuza ibice bitandukanye byurusobe.
4. Umutekano no gucunga umutekano
Hindura: Itanga umutekano wibanze nkibikoresho bya MAC gushungura hamwe na VLAN igice. Ariko, ntabwo batanga ingamba zumutekano ziterambere.
Inzira: Itanga umutekano wambere urimo firewall, inkunga ya VPN, na NAT (Guhindura umuyoboro wa aderesi). Ibiranga birinda umuyoboro iterabwoba ryo hanze no gucunga traffic neza.
5. Imanza zisanzwe zikoreshwa
Guhindura: Nibyiza byo kwagura umuyoboro ahantu hamwe. Bikunze gukoreshwa mubiro, munzu no mubigo byamakuru kugirango uhuze ibikoresho kandi byemeze itumanaho ryiza.
Inzira: Ibyingenzi muguhuza imiyoboro myinshi no gutanga interineti. Bikunze gukoreshwa murugo, ubucuruzi, hamwe na serivise zitanga serivise mugucunga amakuru yimodoka no kwemeza umutekano uhuza.
Ingero zo gukoresha sisitemu na router
Umuyoboro murugo:
Hindura: Ihuza ibikoresho bitandukanye nka mudasobwa, TV zifite ubwenge, hamwe na kanseri yimikino murugo rwurugo. Menya neza ko ibikoresho byose bishobora kuvugana no kugabana ibikoresho nkibicapiro nibikoresho byo kubika.
Inzira: Ihuza umuyoboro wawe murugo kuri enterineti. Gucunga amakuru yimodoka hagati yurugo rwawe na serivise yawe ya interineti (ISP), itanga ibintu nkumuyoboro wa Wi-Fi, DHCP, numutekano ukoresheje firewall.
Umuyoboro muto w'ubucuruzi:
Hindura: ihuza ibikoresho byo mu biro nka PC, printer, terefone ya IP, seriveri, n'ibindi. Kongera imikorere y'urusobe ucunga amakuru yimikorere mubiro.
Inzira: Ihuza umuyoboro wibiro kuri interineti nindi miyoboro ya kure. Itanga ibiranga umutekano nka VPN kugirango igere kure kandi irinde firewall kwirinda iterabwoba.
Umuyoboro rusange:
Guhindura: Byakoreshejwe mubikorwa binini byo guhuza ibikoresho amagana cyangwa ibihumbi mubice bitandukanye cyangwa amagorofa. Shyigikira ibintu byateye imbere nka VLANs kumurongo wigice hamwe na QoS (Ubwiza bwa serivisi) kugirango ushire imbere traffic traffic.
Inzira: Huza ibiro bitandukanye byibiro hamwe nibigo byamakuru kugirango umenye itumanaho ryizewe, ryizewe mumuryango wose. Gucunga protocole igoye kandi utange ibimenyetso byumutekano bigezweho kugirango urinde amakuru yoroheje.
mu gusoza
Gusobanukirwa inshingano zitandukanye nimikorere ya rezo ya rezo na router ningirakamaro mukubaka umuyoboro mwiza, utekanye. Guhindura ni ngombwa mu itumanaho ryimbere, mugihe router ari ngombwa muguhuza imiyoboro itandukanye no gucunga amakuru hagati yabo. Mugukoresha imbaraga zibikoresho byombi, abayikoresha barashobora gukora ibisubizo bikomeye byo guhuza imiyoboro kugirango bahuze ibyo bakeneye. Kuri Todahike, turatanga intera nini yimikorere ihanitse hamwe na router kugirango tugufashe kubaka ibikorwa remezo byiza byurugo rwawe cyangwa ubucuruzi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-10-2024
