Kuramo itandukaniro riri hagati ya Switch na Router muri Network igezweho

Mw'isi ya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji, ibikoresho bibiri muri rusange biragaragara: guhinduranya na router. Mugihe ayo magambo yombi akoreshwa muburyo bumwe, guhinduranya na router bigira uruhare rutandukanye mubikorwa remezo. Gusobanukirwa itandukaniro nibyingenzi kubantu bose bashaka kubaka umuyoboro wizewe kandi ukora neza, haba murugo cyangwa mubucuruzi.

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Umuyoboro uhindura iki? Umuyoboro uhuza ukora mumurongo umwe waho (LAN), uhuza ibikoresho byinshi nka mudasobwa, printer, na terefone ya IP. Irashinzwe gucunga itumanaho muriyi miyoboro, ifasha ibikoresho gusangira amakuru nta nkomyi. Guhindura bikorera kuri Data Ihuza (Layeri 2) ya moderi ya OSI, ukoresheje aderesi ya MAC (Media Access Control) kugirango umenye ibikoresho. Ibi bituma uhindura kugirango uyobore amakuru yerekanwe neza murusobe rumwe, wirinde traffic idakenewe no kongera imikorere. Guhindura bishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri bwingenzi: Guhindura bidacungwa - Guhindura shingiro nta mahitamo yabigenewe, nibyiza kumiyoboro mito isaba guhuza byoroshye. Gucunga neza - Guhindura byimbere byemerera imiyoboro yihariye, harimo VLANs (Virtual Local Area Networks Networks), Ubwiza bwa serivisi (QoS), hamwe nibyihutirwa byumuhanda, bigatuma bikwiranye numuyoboro utoroshye, usabwa cyane. Router ni iki? Guhindura bikora amakuru yimodoka murusobe rumwe, mugihe router ihuza imiyoboro itandukanye hamwe. Kurugero, muburyo busanzwe bwurugo, router ihuza umuyoboro waho na enterineti, ikora nkirembo hagati ya LAN nisi yagutse. Inzira zikorera kumurongo (layer 3) ya moderi ya OSI, ukoresheje aderesi ya IP kugirango uhuze amakuru hagati yimiyoboro, ugena inzira nziza kumapaki no kuyayobora uko bikwiye. Inzira ziza zifite ibintu byongeweho nka firewall, ibisobanuro bya aderesi ya neti (NAT), ndetse rimwe na rimwe inkunga ya VPN, bigatuma biba ngombwa kugirango babone imiyoboro no gucunga imiyoboro yo hanze. Muburyo bunini, router ifasha guhuza imiyoboro myinshi, nko guhuza ibiro bitandukanye cyangwa gukora imiyoboro itandukanye mumazu. Itandukaniro ryibanze hagati yabahinduranya ninzira Reka dusuzume bimwe mubitandukaniro nyamukuru hagati yabahinduranya na router: Imikorere na Scope: Guhindura: Gukorera mumurongo umwe waho waho, uhuza ibikoresho byitumanaho ryimbere. Inzira: Huza imiyoboro myinshi (nka LAN kuri enterineti cyangwa imiyoboro itandukanye yo mu biro), ucunge amakuru yimbere nimbere. Gukoresha Data: Guhindura: Koresha aderesi ya MAC kugirango umenye amakuru hanyuma uyohereze kubikoresho bikwiye murusobe rumwe. Inzira: Koresha aderesi ya IP kugirango uhuze amakuru hagati yimiyoboro, urebe neza ko amakuru agera aho yerekeza, haba imbere cyangwa hanze. Ibiranga umutekano: Hindura: Mubisanzwe bitanga umutekano wibanze, ariko uhinduranya urashobora gushiramo ibintu nkibice bya VLAN kugirango wongere uburinzi. Inzira: Itanga urwego rwisumbuye rwumutekano hamwe na firewall yubatswe, NAT, ndetse rimwe na rimwe ubushobozi bwa VPN, burinda umuyoboro kwinjira utabifitiye uburenganzira. Guhuza ibikoresho: Hindura: Byibanze bihuza ibikoresho (nka mudasobwa na printer) murusobe rumwe, byorohereza gusangira amakuru no gutumanaho. Inzira: Ihuza imiyoboro itandukanye, ihuza LAN na enterineti, kandi igafasha ibikoresho kubona ibikoresho byo hanze. Imanza Zikoreshwa Mubisanzwe: Hindura: Bikunze gukoreshwa mubidukikije aho itumanaho ryibikoresho byimbere ari ingenzi, nkibiro cyangwa amashuri. Inzira: Ibyingenzi muguhuza imiyoboro yaho kuri enterineti cyangwa guhuza ibice bitandukanye byurusobe muruganda runini. Ukeneye byombi? Mubihe byinshi, umuyoboro uzungukira kuri switch na router. Mubidukikije murugo, router isanzwe irashobora gushiramo imikorere yimikorere, itanga umurongo wa enterineti hamwe nigikoresho-cy-itumanaho mu muyoboro umwe. Nyamara, mubidukikije byubucuruzi bifite imiyoboro minini kandi igoye, imiyoboro yabugenewe hamwe na router ikoreshwa mugutezimbere imikorere no kugenzura. UmwanzuroSwitch na router buriwese agira uruhare rwihariye mubikorwa remezo. Guhindura byibanda kumurongo wimbere, gushiraho inzira nziza murusobe rwaho, mugihe router ishinzwe guhuza imiyoboro hamwe no gucunga traffic hagati yabo na interineti. Mugusobanukirwa itandukaniro, urashobora kubaka umuyoboro uhuza ibyo ukeneye, kuringaniza umuvuduko, umutekano, no guhuza. Mugihe ibyifuzo byurusobe bigenda byiyongera hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga, kugira guhuza neza kwihinduranya na router birashobora gufasha gukora neza kubakoresha urugo nubucuruzi. Hamwe nibikoresho bikwiye, uzagira umuyoboro wizewe kandi munini witeguye kuzuza ibisabwa byigihe cya digitale.


Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-15-2024