Porokireri Yibiti Byibiti, rimwe na rimwe byitwa Igiti Cyizunguruka, ni Waze cyangwa MapQuest yimiyoboro ya kijyambere ya Ethernet, iyobora ibinyabiziga munzira nziza cyane ukurikije ibihe nyabyo.
Hashingiwe kuri algorithm yakozwe n'umuhanga mu bya mudasobwa w’umunyamerika Radia Perlman mu gihe yakoraga muri Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) mu 1985, intego nyamukuru y’igiti cya Spanning ni ugukumira imiyoboro irenze urugero no guhinduranya inzira z’itumanaho mu buryo bworoshye. Nkigikorwa cya kabiri, Igiti kizunguruka gishobora kunyura paki hafi yikibazo kugirango harebwe niba itumanaho rishobora guhuhuta binyuze mumiyoboro ishobora guhura nibibazo.
Kuzenguruka ibiti topologiya na topologiya
Mugihe amashyirahamwe yari atangiye guhuza mudasobwa zabo mu myaka ya za 1980, imwe mu miterere yakunzwe cyane ni umuyoboro w'impeta. Kurugero, IBM yerekanye tekinoroji ya Token Ring yihariye muri 1985.
Mumurongo wimpeta topologiya, buri node ihuza nabandi babiri, imwe yicaye imbere yayo kumpeta nimwe ihagaze inyuma yacyo. Ibimenyetso bizenguruka impeta gusa mu cyerekezo kimwe, hamwe na buri murongo munzira utanga icyaricyo cyose nudupaki twose tuzenguruka impeta.
Mugihe imiyoboro yoroshye yimpeta ikora neza mugihe hariho mudasobwa nkeya gusa, impeta zidakora neza mugihe ibikoresho amagana cyangwa ibihumbi byongewe kumurongo. Mudasobwa irashobora gukenera kohereza paki binyuze mumagana amagana gusa kugirango dusangire amakuru nubundi buryo bumwe mubyumba byegeranye. Umuyoboro mwinshi hamwe n’ibisohoka nabyo biba ikibazo mugihe traffic ishobora gutembera mucyerekezo kimwe gusa, nta gahunda yo gusubira inyuma niba ipfundo ryinzira ryacitse cyangwa ryuzuye cyane.
Mu myaka ya za 90, uko Ethernet yihuta (100Mbit / amasegonda. Ethernet yihuse yatangijwe mu 1995) kandi ikiguzi cyumuyoboro wa Ethernet (ibiraro, switch, cabling) cyarahendutse cyane ugereranije na Token Ring, Igiti kizunguruka cyatsinze intambara ya topologiya ya LAN na Token Impeta yahise ishira.
Uburyo Igiti Cyizunguruka gikora
Igiti kizunguruka ni porotokoro yoherejwe kuri paki zamakuru. Nigice kimwe cyumupolisi nigice kimwe injeniyeri yububatsi kumihanda nyabagendwa amakuru anyuramo. Yicaye kumurongo wa 2 (guhuza amakuru), rero ireba gusa kwimura paki aho zerekeza, ntabwo ubwoko bwibipapuro byoherejwe, cyangwa amakuru arimo.
Igiti kizunguruka cyabaye ahantu hose ku buryo imikoreshereze yacyo isobanurwa muriIEEE 802.1D urwego rusanzwe. Nkuko byasobanuwe mubisanzwe, inzira imwe yonyine irashobora kubaho hagati yimpera ebyiri cyangwa sitasiyo kugirango babashe gukora neza.
Igiti kizunguruka cyashizweho kugirango gikureho ibishoboka ko amakuru anyura hagati yibice byurusobe azaguma mumuzinga. Muri rusange, ibizunguruka bitiranya algorithm yoherejwe yashyizwe mubikoresho byurusobe, bigatuma kugirango igikoresho kitakimenya aho cyohereza paki. Ibi birashobora kuvamo kwigana amakadiri cyangwa kohereza ibipapuro byigana ahantu henshi. Ubutumwa burashobora gusubirwamo. Itumanaho rirashobora gusubira kubohereje. Irashobora no gusenya urusobe niba imirongo myinshi cyane itangiye kugaragara, kurya umurongo mugari nta nyungu ishimishije mugihe uhagarika izindi traffic zidafunze kunyura.
Porotokole y'Ibitiihagarika imirongomuguhagarika byose ariko inzira imwe ishoboka kuri buri paki yamakuru. Hindura kumurongo ukoreshe Igiti cyo Kuzenguruka kugirango usobanure inzira yumuzi nikiraro aho amakuru ashobora gutembera, kandi muburyo bwo gufunga inzira zibiri, bigatuma udakora kandi udakoreshwa mugihe inzira yibanze irahari.
Igisubizo nuko itumanaho ryurusobe rutemba rutitaye kuburyo urusobe rugoye cyangwa runini. Mu buryo bumwe, Igiti kizunguruka gikora inzira imwe binyuze murusobe rwamakuru kugirango agende akoresheje software nkuko abajenjeri b'urusobe bakoze bakoresheje ibyuma kumurongo ushaje.
Inyungu Zinyongera Zigiti Cyizunguruka
Impamvu yibanze Igiti gikoreshwa ni ugukuraho ibishoboka byo guhinduranya imirongo murusobe. Ariko hariho izindi nyungu nazo.
Kuberako Igiti kizunguruka gihora gishakisha kandi kigasobanura inzira zurusobe ziboneka kumapaki yamakuru kugirango anyure, irashobora kumenya niba node yicaye kumuhanda umwe wambere wahagaritswe. Ibi birashobora kubaho kubwimpamvu zinyuranye kuva kunanirwa ibyuma kugeza kumurongo mushya. Birashobora no kuba ibihe byigihe gito bishingiye kumurongo mugari cyangwa izindi mpamvu.
Iyo Igiti kizunguruka kibonye ko inzira y'ibanze itagikora, irashobora gufungura byihuse indi nzira yari yarafunzwe mbere. Irashobora kohereza amakuru hafi yikibazo, amaherezo ikagaragaza inzira nyabagendwa nkinzira nshya y'ibanze, cyangwa kohereza udupaki gusubira mu kiraro cyambere biramutse byongeye kuboneka.
Mugihe igiti cyambere cya Spanning cyarihuse mugukora ayo masano mashya nkuko bikenewe, mumwaka wa 2001 IEEE yashyizeho Protokole Yihuta Yibiti (RSTP). RSTP nayo ivugwa nka 802.1w verisiyo ya protocole, RSTP yashizweho kugirango itange gukira byihuse mugusubiza impinduka zurusobe, guhagarika by'agateganyo cyangwa kunanirwa byimazeyo ibice.
Mugihe RSTP yatangije imyitwarire mishya yo guhuza imyitwarire hamwe ninshingano zicyambu kugirango yihutishe inzira, yanashizweho kugirango isubire inyuma rwose ihujwe nigiti cyambere cya Spanning. Birashoboka rero kubikoresho bifite verisiyo zombi za protocole gukorera hamwe kumurongo umwe.
Inenge z'igiti kizunguruka
Mugihe Igiti Cyizengurutse cyabaye hose mumyaka myinshi ikurikira itangizwa, hari abavuga ko aribyoigihe kirageze. Ikosa rikomeye ryigiti cya Spanning ni uko ifunga ibishobora kuzenguruka murusobe muguhagarika inzira zishobora kuba aho amakuru ashobora kugenda. Mumuyoboro uwo ariwo wose ukoresheje Igiti Cyizunguruka, hafi 40% yinzira zishobora kuba zifunze amakuru.
Mubintu bigoye cyane guhuza ibidukikije, nkibiboneka mubigo byamakuru, ubushobozi bwo kuzamuka vuba kugirango uhuze ibyifuzo ni ngombwa. Hatabayeho imbogamizi zashyizweho nigiti cya Spanning, ibigo byamakuru birashobora gufungura umurongo mugari utagikeneye ibyuma byongera imiyoboro. Ubu ni ubwoko bwibintu bisekeje, kuberako urusobe rwibidukikije rugoye niyo mpamvu Igiti cyagutse. Noneho ubu uburinzi butangwa na protocole irwanya looping, muburyo bumwe, gufata ibyo bidukikije inyuma yubushobozi bwabo bwuzuye.
Verisiyo inonosoye ya protocole yitwa Multiple-Instance Spanning Tree (MSTP) yateguwe kugirango ikoreshe LAN igaragara kandi itume inzira nyinshi zurusobe zifungura icyarimwe, mugihe zikibuza imirongo gukora. Ariko na hamwe na MSTP, inzira zitari nke zishobora kuba inzira ziguma zifunze kumurongo uwo ariwo wose ukoresha protocole.
Habayeho byinshi bitari bisanzwe, byigenga kugerageza kunoza umurongo mugari wibiti bya Spanning mugihe cyimyaka. Mugihe abashushanya bamwe muribo bavuze ko batsinze mubikorwa byabo, ibyinshi ntabwo bihuye rwose na protocole yibanze, bivuze ko amashyirahamwe akeneye gukoresha impinduka zidasanzwe mubikoresho byabo byose cyangwa gushaka uburyo bwo kubemerera kubana nabo. Hindura ikoresha Igiti gisanzwe. Mu bihe byinshi, ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga no gushyigikira uburyohe bwinshi bwigiti cyizunguruka ntigikwiye imbaraga.
Igiti kizunguruka kizakomeza ejo hazaza?
Usibye imbogamizi zagutse bitewe nigiti cya Spanning Igiti gifunga inzira zurusobe, nta bitekerezo cyangwa imbaraga nyinshi zishyirwa mugusimbuza protocole. Nubwo rimwe na rimwe IEEE irekura ibishya kugirango igerageze kandi irusheho gukora neza, bahora basubira inyuma bahujwe na verisiyo zihari za protocole.
Mu buryo bumwe, Igiti kizunguruka gikurikiza itegeko rya “Niba ridacitse, ntukosore.” Igiti kizunguruka gikora mu bwigenge inyuma yimiyoboro myinshi kugirango urujya n'uruza rwinshi, wirinde impanuka zitera impanuka gukora, no kuyobora urujya n'uruza ahantu h’ibibazo kuburyo abakoresha amaherezo batazigera bamenya niba urusobe rwabo ruhura nigihe gito nkigice cyumunsi-ku- ibikorwa byumunsi. Hagati aho, inyuma, abayobozi barashobora kongeramo ibikoresho bishya kumurongo wabo batatekereje cyane niba bazashobora kuvugana nabandi basigaye cyangwa isi yose.
Kubera ibyo byose, birashoboka ko Igiti kizunguruka kizakomeza gukoreshwa mumyaka myinshi iri imbere. Hashobora kubaho udushya duto buri gihe, ariko intandaro ya Spanning Tree Protocol hamwe nibintu byose byingenzi ikora birashoboka hano kugumaho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-07-2023
