Ni ubuhe butumwa bukubiyemo ibiti?

Protokole y'ibiti, rimwe na rimwe ivugwa ko ya Spaning Igiti, ni urwango cyangwa icyifuzo cy'urusobe rwa Ethernet, kuyobora ibinyabiziga bigenda neza mu buryo bunoze bushingiye ku bihe byiza.

Ukurikije algonithm yakozwe na mudasobwa y'Abanyamerika yashinzwe muri Leta ya Radia Parlman mu gihe yakoraga mu mikino ya digitale (Ukuboza), intego y'ibanze yo guhagarika igiti ni ukubuza indirimbo zidasanzwe hamwe n'inzira z'itumanaho mu mbogamizi. Nkiki gikorwa cya kabiri, gutsemba igiti gishobora guturuka ku bibazo bikikije ibibazo kugirango tumenye ko itumanaho rishobora umuyaga ukoresheje imiyoboro ishobora kuba ihindagurika.

Gukwirakwiza ibiti na Impeta

Iyo amashyirahamwe yatangiraga gusa guhuza mudasobwa zabo mu myaka ya za 1980, kimwe mu bishushanyo bizwi cyane ni umuyoboro w'impeta. Kurugero, IBM yamenyesheje tekinoroji yacyo yabereye muri 1985.

Mu mpeta ya Topologiya, buri node ihuza nabandi babiri, imwe yicaye imbere yayo ku mpeta nimwe ihagaze inyuma yayo. Ibimenyetso bizenguruka gusa impeta muburyo bumwe, hamwe na buri node munzira yitanga amapaki yose kandi yose azenguruka impeta.

Mugihe imiyoboro yoroshye yimpeta ikora neza mugihe hari mudasobwa nkeya gusa, impeta ihinduka idakora neza mugihe amagana cyangwa ibihumbi byongewe kumurongo. Mudasobwa irashobora gukenera kohereza paki binyuze mumabati amagana gusa kugirango dusangire amakuru hamwe na sisitemu imwe mucyumba cyegeranye. Umuyoboro no kuranga nacyo bikaba ikibazo mugihe traffic ishobora gutemba gusa, nta gahunda yo gusubira inyuma niba i node munzira ivunika cyangwa yuzuye cyane.

Muri 90, nkuko Ethernet yabonye byihuse (100mbit / sec. Umuyoboro wihuse watangijwe mu 1995) n'ikiguzi cy'umuyoboro wa Ether (Ikirahure Impeta yahise ishira.

Ukuntu Igiti gikora

[Iyandikishe Noneho kubikorwa byanyuma byumwaka! Amahugurwa yiterambere ryumwuga uboneka. Kazoza Mu New York, 8 Ugushyingo]

Igiti cya spaning ni protocole yohereza kumapaki yamakuru. Nimwe igice cya kabiri cyumupolisi nigice kimwe cyangiza injeniyeri mbonezamubano kumihanda minini yumuyoboro unyuramo. Yicaye kuri layer 2 (amakuru ahuza urwego), rero birahangayikishijwe cyane no kwimura paki aho zikwiye, ntabwo ari ubwoko bwipaki bwoherejwe, cyangwa amakuru arimo.

Gushushanya igiti cyahindutse neza kuburyo imikoreshereze yacyo isobanurwa muriIEEE 802.1G STRICKKING. Nkuko byasobanuwe muburyo busanzwe, inzira imwe gusa ikora irashobora kubaho hagati yimpinduka zose cyangwa sitasiyo imwe kugirango ikore neza.

Gukubita igiti byateguwe kugirango ukureho ko amakuru anyura hagati yimiterere y'urusobe ruzakomeza. Muri rusange, imirongo yitiranya algorithm yohererekanyaga imbere mubikoresho bya Network, bikabikora kugirango igikoresho kitagizi aho wohereza paki. Ibi birashobora kuvamo kwigana amakadiri cyangwa kohereza amapaki yigana ahantu henshi. Ubutumwa burashobora gusubirwamo. Itumanaho rirashobora gusubira mubyohereje. Irashobora no guhanagura umuyoboro niba hejuru cyane itangira kugaragara, kurya umurongo utabarika nta nyungu zishimishije mugihe uhagarika izindi modoka zidashidikanywaho kuva kunyuramo.

Igiti cya SpotokoleGuhagarika imirongo yo gukoraMugufunga byose ariko inzira imwe ishoboka kuri buri paki yamakuru. Guhinduranya kumurongo ukoresha igiti cyo gukwirakwiza kugirango usobanure inzira zumuzi n'ibiraro aho amakuru ashobora kugenda, kandi afunga imirimo yo kwigana, kandi adashimirwa mugihe inzira yibanze irahari.

Igisubizo nuko itumanaho ryurusobe ritemba bidatinze tutitaye kuburyo urusaku cyangwa kinini umuyoboro uhinduka. Mu buryo bumwe, gutsekana inzira imwe binyuze kumurongo kugirango ubone amakuru kugirango ukoreshe software muburyo bumwe abashakashatsi bakoresheje ibyuma bakoresheje ibyuma bishaje.

Inyungu zinyongera zo Gukwirakwiza Igiti

Impamvu yibanze isetsa igiti ikoreshwa ni ugukuraho amahirwe yo kuzunguruka mumiyoboro. Ariko hariho izindi nyungu.

Kuberako gusohora igiti uhora ushakisha no gusobanura inzira zurusobe ziboneka kumapaki yamakuru yo kuzenguruka, irashobora kumenya niba node yicaye kuri imwe muri iyo nzira yibanze. Ibi birashobora kubaho kubwimpamvu zitandukanye ziva mubikoresho byananiranye kumurongo mushya. Birashobora no kuba ibihe byigihe gito bishingiye ku gitambaro cyangwa ibindi bintu.

Iyo utsebye igiti umenya ko inzira yibanze itagikora, irashobora gufungura byihuse indi nzira yari yarafunzwe mbere. Irashobora noneho kohereza amakuru ahagana mubibazo, amaherezo asobanura umurongo nkinzira nshya yibanze, cyangwa yohereza paki gusubira mwiraro yambere igomba kongera kuboneka.

Mugihe igiti cyumwimerere cya spage yihute mugukora ayo masano mashya nkuko bikenewe, muri 2001 Iweee Iwe yatangije Porotokole yihuta ya SPOD (RSTP). Inikwaho kandi nka verisiyo 802.1w ya protocole, istp yashizweho kugirango itange igiciro cyihuse mugukora impinduka zurusobe, kwiruka byigihe gito cyangwa kunanirwa rwose.

Kandi mugihe istP yatangije inzira nshya yimyitwarire yimyitwarire hamwe nurubuga rwikiraro cyo kwihutisha inzira, byateguwe kandi gusubira inyuma byuzuye hamwe nigiti cyumwimerere. Birashoboka rero ibikoresho hamwe na verisiyo zombi za protocole yo gukorera hamwe kumurongo umwe.

Amakosa yo gushushanya igiti

Mugihe umaze gusohora igiti cyahindutse uwubusa mumyaka myinshi nyuma yintangiriro yacyo, hariho abavuga ko ariIgihe kirageze. Ikosa rikomeye ryo gushushanya igiti nuko ifunga imirongo ishobora kuba murusobe mugufunga inzira zishobora kubaho aho amakuru ashobora kugenda. Mu nyugo iyo ari yo yose ukoresheje igiti cya sponing, hafi 40% yinzira zirashobora gufunga amakuru.

Mubidukikije bikabije, nkibiboneka mubigo byamakuru, ubushobozi bwo gupima vuba kugirango habeho ibyifuzo ni ngombwa. Hatabayeho imipaka yashizwemo igiti, ibigo byamakuru byashoboraga gufungura byinshi binyuranye bitaba ngombwa kubikoresho byinyongera. Ibi ni ibintu bitangaje, kuko ibidukikije bigoye cyane nimpamvu yakoresheje igiti. Noneho uburinzi butangwa na protocole yo kurenganya ni, muburyo bumwe, bufata ibyo bidukikije biturutse kubushobozi bwabo bwose.

Inonosono ya protocole yitwa byinshi-urugero rwa spanning igiti (MSTP) cyateguwe kugirango ukoreshe Lans kandi ituma inzira nyinshi zurusobe zifungura icyarimwe, mugihe zigifite inzitizi zikora. Ariko nubwo hamwe na MSTP, ibintu bitari bike bishobora gutuma bifunzwe kumuyoboro uwo ariwo wose ukoresha protocole.

Habayeho kugerageza amafaranga menshi, kwigenga kunoza imipaka yo guhagarika igiti mumyaka. Mugihe abashushanya bamwe muribo bavuze ko batsinze imbaraga zabo, benshi ntibahujwe rwose na protocole yibanze, imiryango isobanura ikeneye gukoresha impinduka zidasanzwe kubikoresho byabo byose cyangwa gushaka uburyo bwo kubemerera kubaho kuzunguza igiti gisanzwe. Mubihe byinshi, amafaranga yo gukomeza no gushyigikira uburyohe bwinshi bwo gukubita ntabwo bukwiye imbaraga.

Ese gukubita igiti bikomeje mugihe kizaza?

Usibye aho ugarukira mu nteranth kubera gusohora ibiti byo gufunga ibiti, nta gitekerezo cyangwa imbaraga nyinshi zigasimburwa na protocole. Nubwo IEEE rimwe na Eyee irekura ibishya kugirango igerageze kandi inoze neza, bahora inyuma ihuza na verisiyo ihari ya protocole.

Mu buryo bumwe, gukwirakwiza ibiti bikurikiza amategeko ya "niba bidafite, ntukakosore." Gukwirakwiza ibiti biruka mu buryo bwigenga ku nsanganyamatsiko nyinshi kugirango ukomeze imihanda itemba ibikorwa byumunsi. Hagati aho, ku ngutsiko, abayobozi barashobora kongeramo ibikoresho bishya ku miyoboro yabo bitatekerejweho cyane no kumenya niba bazashobora kuvugana nabandi basigaye cyangwa isi.

Kubera ibyo byose, birashoboka ko igiti kizakomeza gukoreshwa imyaka myinshi iri imbere. Hashobora kubaho ibishya biriho buri gihe, ariko ishingiro rya protocole yigiti hamwe nibintu byose binegura bikora birashoboka ko biri hano kuguma.